The patient is alert and oriented to person, place, time, and event
There is no evidence of intoxication
There are no painful distracting injuries (e.g., long bone fracture)
If the patient does not meet the above criteria then they require the following:
A three view cervical x-ray series which includes the C7/T1 interface.
In those with degenerative disease of the cervical spine, a plain film series is often inadequate to assess for injury. Plain radiographs, even when technically optimal, may fail to reveal significant injury.
If there is clinical suspicion, a Computerized Tomography (CT Scan) may be needed to rule out a fracture, and flexion-extension radiographs or Magnetic Resonance Imaging to exclude a ligament injury.